Oral candidiasis also know as oral thrush is a fungal infection which affects the mouth and throat. It's caused by an overgrowth of Candida albicans, a type of yeast that is naturally present in the mouth in small amounts.
While Candida is typically kept in check by the immune system and beneficial bacteria, certain factors can disrupt this balance, leading to the development of oral thrush. Learn what oral thrush is, its causes, symptoms, and the various treatment options available.
What is Oral Thrush?
Oral thrush is characterized by creamy white, raised lesions or patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, roof of the mouth, gums, or throat. These patches may resemble cottage cheese in appearance and can be painful or uncomfortable, especially when eating or drinking. In severe cases, oral thrush can spread to the esophagus, leading to difficulty swallowing and further complications.
Causes of Oral Thrush
Numerous factors contribute to the development of oral thrush, including:
A Weakened Immune System: Those with a weak immune system, such as someone with cancer, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation, have a heightened risk of developing oral thrush.
Frequent Antibiotic Use: Antibiotics can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the mouth, allowing Candida yeast to multiply and cause infection.
Constant Corticosteroid Use: Long-term use of corticosteroid medications may weaken the immune system and increase the risk of oral thrush.
Dentures: Ill-fitting dentures or poor oral hygiene may create an environment that easily allows the growth of Candida yeast, leading to thrush.
Dry Mouth: Reduced saliva production, often due to certain medications, medical conditions, or dehydration, can increase the risk of oral thrush.
Symptoms of Oral Thrush
The most common symptoms of oral thrush include:
- White, creamy lesions or patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, roof of the mouth, gums, or throat.
- Soreness or discomfort in the affected areas, especially when eating or drinking.
- Redness or inflammation of the affected tissues.
- Loss of taste or altered taste sensation.
- Difficulty swallowing, in severe cases.
Treatment Options for Oral Thrush
Treatment options for oral thrush usually involves antifungal medications to eliminate the Candida yeast and restore the balance of microorganisms in the mouth. Here are some common treatment options:
Antifungal Mouthwash or Lozenges: Your dentist or doctor may prescribe antifungal mouthwash or lozenges containing medications such as nystatin or clotrimazole. These products are swished around the mouth or dissolved slowly in the mouth to target the yeast infection.
Antifungal Medications: In some cases of severe or persistent oral thrush, oral antifungal medications such as fluconazole may be prescribed. These medications are taken orally and work to eliminate the Candida yeast from the body.
Topical Antifungal Creams: For infants with oral thrush, antifungal creams may be applied directly to the affected areas of the mouth using a clean finger or cotton swab. This can help reduce the spread of the infection and alleviate symptoms.
Proper Oral Hygiene: Practicing good oral hygiene habits, such as brushing the teeth and tongue twice daily, flossing regularly, and rinsing with an antifungal mouthwash, can help prevent the recurrence of oral thrush.
Addressing Underlying Causes: If oral thrush is associated with underlying medical conditions or risk factors such as diabetes or immunosuppression, it's essential to address these factors to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Prevention of Oral Thrush
To reduce the risk of contracting oral thrush, consider the following preventive measures:
- Maintain excellent oral hygiene by brushing and flossing regularly.
- Clean and soak dentures daily, and remove them at night to allow the mouth to rest.
- Avoid unnecessary or prolonged use of antibiotics and corticosteroids.
- Stay hydrated to prevent dry mouth, especially if taking medications that may cause decreased saliva production.
- Limit sugary and yeast-containing foods, which can promote the growth of Candida yeast.
Oral thrush is a mouth and throat fungal infection that can cause discomfort and inconvenience, especially for those with compromised immune systems.
If you suspect you may have oral thrush or experience persistent symptoms, consult your dentist or doctor for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.
With prompt and proper treatment, oral thrush can be effectively managed, allowing you to enjoy optimal oral health and comfort. Contact us to schedule your visit or consultation today.